人教版七上英语语法总结,初中七年级英语上册语法

人教版七年级英语上册语法知识点(一)be动词。1、be动词概说。(包括am,are,is)①连系动词,本身有词义“是”,在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。e.g.Iamtall.(表语)②助动词,无词

人教版七年级英语上册语法知识点

(一)be动词。

1、be动词概说。(包括am,are,is)

①连系动词,本身有词义“是”,在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。e.g. I am tall.(表语)

②助动词,无词义。

e.g. He is playing football.

2、be动词的用法。

①am → 主语是单数第一人称(即I)。

e.g. I am…

②be → are 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are… The coats are…

初中七年级英语上册语法,3is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词。e.g. Your father is… The money is…

3、否定句式(即改否定句):在be动词之后+not,句子其它部位不变。

e.g. He is not a teacher.

4、缩写形式。

①主语+be,缩写be第一个字母为 ’,再与主语合并。e.g. you are → you’re Jack is → Jack’s

②be+not否定形式的缩写,缩写not中“o”为 ’,再与be合并。 e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t

③不能缩写的情况:this is,these are,those are,am not及缩略的肯定回答。

e.g. Yes,I am. (I’m 误)

5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。

①一般疑问句:将be动词提前,其它照抄不变,最后+?,读升调。(一般第一人称改为第二人称)

e.g. The man in the car is her father.

→ Is the man in the car her father?

I’m a middle school student.

→ Are you a middle school student?

②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。

肯定回答: Yes,主语+be. 否定回答: No,主语+ be+ not.

e.g. Is he old? ——Yes,he is. /No,he is not.

Are you a new student? ——Yes,I am./ No,I’m not.

Is your father at home? ——Yes,he is.

/No,he is not.(isn’t)

注意:①主语必须用代词回答;②肯定回答不能缩写;③回答第二人称,用第一人称回答。

③特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)。

1) 方法:将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词,然后置于句首,接着再将be动词或情态动词提前

(置于疑问词之后),其它部分照抄不变,最后+?(即疑问词+一般疑问句?)

e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother.

→ Who is the man in a red cap?

I can sing English songs. → What can you do?

2) 注意:①被提问部分不能再写。

②提问动词(即提问做某事),在改句子时注意还“do”,表示做什么?

3) 相应的疑问词。

1. 事物 → what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that?

2. 地点 → where He is at home? → Where is he?

3. 人 → who The man is his father. → Who is the man?

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That is Jack’s ball. → Whose ball is that?

5)怎样(程度,方式) → how She’s fine. → How is she?

How can he go to school?

He can go to school by bus.

6). 职业 → what My father is a worker. → What is your father?

8). 班级 → what class→ What class are you in? We are in Class 2,Grade 1.

→What’s your phone number?

10)哪一个 → which→ Which boy is Mike? The boy in a blue shirt is Mike.

11). 颜色 → what colour His car is yellow.

→ What colour is his car?

12. 数量 → how many+可数复数名词 There are two books on the desk. →

How many books are there on the desk?

how much+不可数名词 There is only a little water in the glass. →

How much water is there in the glass?

13)时间 → what time → What time can you get there? I can get there at six.

when → When can you go with me? I can go with you on Sunday.

14)价钱 → how much→ How much is the bag? The bag is twenty yuan.

否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + 。

(二)代词:

1、代词的形式

2、代词的用法

①动作的发出者,代词用主格,(一般在句首,动词前)。 e.g. He often writes to me.

②动作的承受者,代词用宾格,(一般在句末,动词后、介词后)。

e.g. Let’s ask him.

Lets play with them.

人教版七上英语语法总结

③物的主人,用物主代词。(即代词所有格)

1)形容词性物主代词后一定要带物,不能单独使用,一般用在名词前。

e.g. This is their classroom.

That is my bike.

It is her red coat.

2)名词性物主代词,相当于形容词性物主代词+物。

e.g. The books are hers. (her books)

The bike is his. (his bike)

3)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别:

形容词性物主代词:后要带物(即名词)。It’s my pen.

名词性物主代词:后不带物。 It’s mine.

(因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物,有用形容词性物主代词,无即用名词性物主代词。)

4)名词性物主代词作主语,要注意be的形式。

e.g. These are not her pens. Hers are in the bag.

(her pens)

This is not our classroom. Ours is over there.

(our classroom)

5)含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。(译法稍有不同)

e.g. This is her pen → This pen is hers.

Those black cats are his. → Those are his black cats.

6)提问物主代词用whose.

e.g. This is my pen. → Whose pen is this? These pens are mine. → Whose are these pens?

注意:

1. 提问形容词性物主代词,用Whose+物。

2. 提问名词性物主代词,用Whose.

3. Whose + be + 主语,be 根据主语判断。

7)whose 句型的转换。e.g. Whose coat is this?

→ Whose is this coat?

(三)所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系。

1、名词所有格的形式:

① 名词之后直接+’s

e.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s

② 以s结尾的名词只加 '

e.g. students―students’

2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词,但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。

e.g. today’s newspaper;

an hour’s walk; China’s city

3、注意:

①表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词+ ’s。

e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.(共用,用单数)

②如果不是共有,指各有,则各词都应+’s。

e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有,用复数)

4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示,但注意词序与汉语习惯不同,形式为:名词+of+名词(前者属于后者)。

e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片

5、注意:有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语。(对等)

the dog’s name → the name of the dog

但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构。因为’s 只用于有生命的词。(四)名词的数。

1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词,如:teacher,school,morning,thanks,duty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

2、可数名词。

1)可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词,有单复数两种形式。

可数名词包括个体名词:e.g. apple ,student.

集体名词:e.g. class people

2)用法:

① 单数名词前可用a,an修饰;

② 之前可以直接用数词;

③ 之前可用a lot of,lots of,many,some等修饰;

④ 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词;

3)可数名词的复数形式: 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。

A 规则变化:

① 一般在单词的结尾直接+s; e.g. book ― books

② 如果单词以s,x,ch,sh等结尾,+es; bus ― buses

③ 若以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es;

city ― cities story ― stories

④ 以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为ves;

wife ― wives knife ― knives

⑤ 以o结尾,有生命的+es

e.g. tomatoes; 没有生命的+s e.g. zoos;

⑥ 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时,只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数。 e.g. banana trees

⑦ 但是以woman,man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时,里面所含的成分全部要变成复数。three women teachers

B 不规则变化:

① 单复数同形 Chinese Japanese sheep fish (鱼)

② 只作复数 trousers clothes chips thanks people(人们)

③ 特殊变化:

man―men woman―women foot―feet

child―children policeman―policemen

businessman―businessmen postman―postmen

Englishman―Englishmen mouse → mice

3、不可数名词。

1)不可数名词是指不可以用数目计算是名词,它一般没有复数形式。

不可数名词包括物质名词:meat,milk.

抽象名词:work,housework.

2)用法:

① 不用a,an修饰;

② 不可直接用数词表达其数量,其量的表达必须用量词短语表示;

③ 前面可用a lot of,lots of,much,some,a little等修饰; ④ 作主语时,都视为单数;

⑤ 提问其数量时用How much; e.g. How much money do you have?

3)表达不可数名词数量常用的量词短语。

a bowl of 一碗… a glass of 一杯…

a bottle of 一瓶… a cup of 一杯…

a bag of 一袋… a basket of 一篮…

a piece of 一张…;一片…;一块…;一则…;一首…; a box of 一盒…

a kilo of 一公斤…;一千克… a pound of 一磅…

(五)There be结构,表示某地存在某物或某人。

引导词 主语 引导词 主语

1、be (are,is)的判断。

根据主语,主语为单数或不可数用is,主语为复数用are,但如果主语是多个,就用就近原则判断。

e.g. There is a pen,some books,…

There are some books,a pen …

人教版七上英语语法总结

2、注意:not any/not a =no

e.g. There are not any cats here

= There are no cats here.

There is not a cat here = There is no cat here.

3、There be句型改特殊疑问句:

① 提问主语(物)用:

What is/are +地点?(注意去掉there) (人):Who is +地点?

② 问地点:用Where is/are + the 主语?(应特指)

e.g. There are some cats under the bed.

→ Where are the cats?(将some→the,表特指)

③ 问可数物品的数量用how many + 复数名词。

e.g. There is a cat under the bed.

→ How many cats are there under the bed?

人教版七上英语语法总结

There are two glasses of water on the table.

→ How many glasses of water are there on the table?

④ 问不可数物品的数量用how much + 不可数名词。

e.g. There is some water on the table on the table. → How much water is there on the table?

4、对于“how many,how much” there be 问句的回答: There are/is + 数量。 或: There is (only) one.

e.g. How many glasses of water are there on the table? How much water is there on the table?

5、若是某人某物拥有,占有某物,应用have/has表达。

e.g. He has a ruler. 他有一把尺子。 The park has two lakes. 那公园有两个湖。

(六)祈使句:

1、祈使句表示请求,命令,建议等,它没有主语(其实是省略了主语you),以动词开头,动词要用原形,句末用“!”或“.”,读降调。有时为了使语气比较委婉,常在句首或句末加上please.在句末时要用逗号隔开。

e.g. Sit down,please! Let’s go to school.

2、祈使句的否定形式:

①一般在句首加Don’t.

一 词类 1 名词: 英语名称(n),表示人或物的名称。例词:pen,dog,eye.2 冠词:英语名称(art),用于名词前,帮助说明名词.例词 a ,an ,the.3 代词:用于代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句、句子等。例词:we ,t。

e.g. Throw it like this. → Don’t throw it like this.

②以Let开头的祈使句的否定形式要视具体的否定部分来决定。否定let就在句首加Don’t,否定后面的不定式,就在不定式前加not.

e.g. Don’t let him go out. Let’s not go there.

(七)现在进行时

1. 意义:表示现在正在进行或发生的动作;也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“。

2. 构成:be +现在分词(v. +ing)

3. be动词由主语决定。

4. 现在分词的构成:

①动词直接+ing e.g. play — playing

②动词以重读闭音节而且末尾只有一个辅音,双写末一字母+ing

e.g. swim — swimming

③以不发音e结尾,去e+ing e.g. come — coming

(八)一般现在时。

1、一般现在时的用法:

①表示现在的状态或特征,谓语动词一般是be。 e.g. They are at work. She is very old.

②表示经常性或习惯性动作,谓语动词一般是实义动词。e.g. We go to school from Monday to Friday.

③表示主语具备的性格和能力。 e.g. I like swimming. Do you speak English?

④普遍真理。 e.g. Two plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun.

2、一般时态(一般现在时)的谓语形式。

①动词be 的人称变化: (略)

②实义动词的变化:主语为单数第三人称,实义动词应+s或es。(其变化类同于名词的复数形式)

主语为其他人称时,实义动词不变。

3、一般现在时的句型变化。

1)be动词的句式:(略)

2)实义动词的句式:改否定句及疑问句都应借助助动词do或does。

(当主语为单数第三人称时,用does,同时应将其后的谓语动词还原形)。

① 改否定句:在实义动词之前+don’t或doesn’t.

e.g. We go to school on Sundays.

→ We don’t go to school on Sundays.

He does his homework after supper.

七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词。

→He doesn’t do his homework after supper.

② 改一般疑问句:在句首添加Do或Does,其他照抄,最后加问号。

e.g. They speak English.

→ Do they speak English?

He goes home at five every day.

→ Does he go home at five every day?

③ 一般疑问句的肯否定回答。

Yes,主语do. No,主语don’t.

Yes,主语does. No,主语doesn’t.

e.g. Do they speak English?

Does he go home at five every day?

Yes,they do. Yes,he does.

No,they don’t. No,he doesn’t.

④ 改特殊疑问句:疑问代词+一般疑问句?(do/does+其他?)

e.g. I like to eat apple.

What do you like to eat?

He goes to school every day.

Where does he go every day?

4.often,five days a week,every day,on Sundays,sometimes等表示频度的状语通常位于be动词之后,实义动词之前。

若句子出现频度副词,通常用一般现在时。

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