特殊句式(倒装、强调、省略、there be句型)
[语境中体悟用法]
朗读下面短文，体会、领悟倒装、强调、省略等句式结构在文中的灵活使用。
It was at midnight that① Lucy woke up. So hungry was she that② she realized that she did have to get up③ to get something to eat. She went to the kitchen.There was④a cabbage，some hams and some eggs in the fridge. No sooner had she taken out what she needed than⑤ she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food. In fact，seldom had she cooked⑥ for herself before.“Had I learned⑦ cooking from my mother，I would have
become a good cook.”she sighed and continued her job.However，hardly had she tried to turn on one of the two taps above the sink when⑧ she noticed it didn't work. Neither could another tap⑨.Only with the help of the spanner did water come⑩ out of the tap at last.But it was unlucky for her to cut her finger while cutting hams⑪.Out ran Lucy⑫at once.With a bandage wrapping her wounded finger，she finished cooking a delicious meal at last. From the kitchen came a good smell⑬.Being at table，she got down to enjoying her food. Unfortunately，not until she tasted her food did she find⑭ she forgot to add some salt to it.“Must I fall asleep⑮ while being hungry⑯？” said Lucy.
[用法体悟]
①It was ... that ...为强调句型，此处对时间状语at midnight 进行强调。
②so ...that句型中，“so＋adj.adv.”位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，that从句的语序用正常语序。
③did在此处强调谓语动词have to。
④there_be句型表示某地存在某物，是一个倒装句式。
⑤no sooner ...than中，当no sooner提前至句首时，其后用部分倒装。
⑥否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。
⑦虚拟条件句省略if时，需将were，had或should提前，构成部分倒装。
⑧hardly ...when ...结构中，hardly提前，主句用部分倒装，后面的从句用正常语序。
⑨当so，英语中六大特殊句式有哪些，neither，nor(so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句)表示前面所述情况也适合另一个人或物时，句子需用部分倒装，结构为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语。
⑩当Only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)放在句首时，要用部分倒装。
⑪⑯当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且含有be动词时，可省略从句主语与be动词，构成状语从句的省略结构。
⑫以in，out，up，down，over，away，off，back等副词开头的句子(主语是名词)，需用完全倒装以表示强调。
⑬当句首是充当地点状语的介词短语，且谓语是be，stand，sit，lie等时，句子常用完全倒装。
⑭not until引导的状语从句放句首时，状语从句用正常语序，主句需要用部分倒装。
⑮疑问句，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句，都用部分倒装语序。
[系统中整合规则]
(一)倒装句
1．部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种：
解析:答案B。考查特殊句式。本句是否定句,故使用either,而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式,即neither/nor will I.注意A项中neither表否定意义,所以不能用won’t。23. It seems that something is wrong with my 。
(1)表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely ...when ...，no sooner ...than ...，not only ...but also ...，not until，nowhere，neither ...nor ...等。
(2)“only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句”置于句首时，要用部分倒装。
(3)so/such ...that ...结构中的so/such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义， neither/nor表示否定意义)。
(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
(6)在虚拟条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had，were，should要提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。
(7)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.
直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
2．完全倒装
谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，叫完全倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种：
(1)here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，以前他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。
Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生和许多其他的宾客。
(二)强调句
1．强调句型
其基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。
英语中有许多种特殊的句式，其中一些常见的包括：倒装句：主语和动词的位置被颠倒，一般情况下是在句首。例如：“In came the cat.”（猫进来了）虚拟语气句式：用来表示虚拟情况，包括与现在和将来相反的情况、假设情况和建。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。
2．not ...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until ...＋that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
直到他到家三十分钟后，他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。
3．对谓语动词进行强调时用do，does，did。
She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.
她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。
(三)省略句
1．状语从句中的省略
在as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
All the photographs in this book，unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.
这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
2．动词不定式的省略
在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。
(四)there be句型
1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我们国家就发生了许多巨大的变化。
There must be a mistake somewhere.
某个地方一定出错了。
2．there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be，have to be，remain，live，stand，lie，exist等替换。
There seems to be an announcement about the project.关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。
There happened to be a man walking by.
碰巧有一个人路过。
3．there be结构的常用句式
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.
做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt about .../that ...
毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
(某人)没有必要做某事。
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.
(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ...
(做)某事(没)有可能性。
This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent，but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无疑问，我们使用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1倒装
1.There ________ (be) an amazing world out there，and it needs our children as much as they need it.
解析：isThere be 句型属于倒装句式，此句中be的形式取决于其后的主语world，从needs可以看出本空时态属于一般现在时，故此空填is。
2.________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.
解析：Were句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。
3.Not until recently ________ (do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.
解析：did句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。
4.Only when the police showed her the evidence ________ (do) she admit that she had stolen the money.
考点2强调句型
1.Why is it ________ some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?
解析：that句意：为什么我们中的有些人比其他人更聪明或更有创造力？本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句，why是对被强调部分的提问。
2.It was only when I tried to remove my head ________ I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in.
解析：that句意：正是只有当我试图把头移开时，我才意识到出去不如进去那么简单。此处是强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，本句强调的是时间状语从句。
本题之所以要选B而不选D,主要是因为句首用了only in thisway 的缘故,按照英语语法规则:“only+状语”位于句首,句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)。如: 1. “only 副词”位于句首。 如: Only then did I 。
3.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
解析：that句意：直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，本句强调的是时间状语从句。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
只有这样我们才能学好英语 Only when he came back did we find out the truth 只有当他回来时，我们才能查明事实真相 当only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。例句：Only you can solve the problem.只有你能解决这个问题。（2）。
1．He doesn't like living in the city，neither/nor does his wife.
2．Had you been more careful，such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.
3．Not until all the fish died in the river did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was.
4．It was not until all the fish died in the river that the farmers realized how serious the pollution was.
5．South of our village flows (flow) a pleasant quiet stream leading to the faraway sea.
6．She did give me a lot of help in English last term.
7．Where was it that you picked up the wallet?
8．You should stay where you are，unless asked (ask) to leave.
9．There have_been (be) great changes taking place in my hometown in the past few years.
10.It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Only in this way can_they_become_useful to society and enjoy a colorful life in the future.
只有用这种方式，他们才能成为对社会有用的人，并在将来享受多彩的人生。
2．In conclusion，take_down_pressure_to_work_harder and you will achieve your goal.
It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+其他成分，可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等。It was a Chinese man that/who invented the machine. （主语）It was him that/whom we met at the school gate. （宾语）It 。
总之，放下压力，工作更努力，你将会实现你的目标。
3．It's_not_just_students_that will face pressure.
不仅仅是学生们将会面对压力。
4．There_happened_to_be no one in your office when I phoned.
我打电话时，你办公室正好没人。
Ⅲ.语法填空
At about 3 pm on October 2，carpentry students from Harvard H．Ellis Technical High School (Ellis Tech) in the United States __1__ (put)the finishing touches on a ramp (坡道) for the handicapped at Northeast Placement Services.It was a thing of __2__ (beautiful)，leading from a platform outside one building to the entryway of the new Community Education Center.It was one year ago __3__ students started the project.It took so long，because Ellis Tech has a rotating (轮流的) schedule — two weeks of academic work followed __4__ two weeks of shop work.Their academic schedule made it difficult __5__ (finish) the job very quickly.During the summer，work stopped altogether.
The next project will be at the Brooklyn Fairgrounds，where students will rebuild a part of the main stage.Unless it&39;ll work a couple of __10__ (month)．
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一所学校木匠班的特色实践项目的相关内容。
1．were putting考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，结合该句中的时间状语“At about 3 pm on October 2”可推知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，且与句子主语carpentry students (复数形式)呼应，所以填were putting。
2．beauty考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词，作介词of的宾语，所以填beauty。
3．that考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句结构It was ... that ...，对句子的时间状语one year ago进行强调，所以填that。
5．to finish考查非谓语动词。此处考查make it＋形容词＋to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语，所以填to finish。
特殊句式英语如下：一、强调式 英语谚语结构紧凑，富于表达力。强调句式因其重点明确的特点，被英语谚语广泛采用。根据表意需要，被强调的成分很灵活。（一）普通强调式 1 倒装结构强调式 倒装结构强调式的运用充分体现了英语谚。
6．Arriving考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，动词arrive和句子谓语didn't know之间没有连词，且和句子主语Senior Gabe Martel之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式Arriving。
7．beneficial考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词，在系动词was后作表语，所以填beneficial。
8．that考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分，故用that。
9．extremely考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词，修饰形容词cold，作状语，所以填extremely。
10．months考查名词复数。结合空前的a couple of (几个)可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式，所以填months。
