初中英语语法第5季：形容词
特征：
·作定语，放被修饰词前 He is a good actor
·做表语，放系动词后He is good
·有比较级One of the most important languages is Chinese
·有独特后缀形式：
-able，-ible
comfortable，terrible
-al，-ical
national，natural
-ant
important，pleasant
修饰词 就是相当于定语~~~ 比方说 像中文里的形容词：漂亮的娃娃 漂亮修饰娃娃 这样的词就是修饰词 起修饰的作用嘛
-ary
ordinary，necessary
-ful
beautiful，wonderful
-less
hopeless，careless
-ly
lovely，friendly
-ous，-ious
famous，dangerous
-some
handsome，tiresome烦人的
-y
angry，snowy
分类：
·简单形容词：kind，green
·合成形容词：1 数词+名词+形容词 a ten-meter-wide river一条十米宽的河 a five-year-old girl一个五岁女孩 2形容词(或数词)+名词+ed形式a middle-aged man一位中年男子 a warm-hearted girl一个热心的女孩 3形容词+Ving形式an easy-going man一位随和的女士 a good-looking man一位好看的男子 4名词+V-ed形式 a man-made lake人工湖 a snow-capped mountain一座顶部积雪的山 5副词/形容词+V-ed形式a well-known writer一位著名的作家 a well-behaved child一个规规矩矩的孩子
·限制性形容词(描述本质，与名词紧密相连，去掉会影响本意): a Chinese dish一道中式菜
·描述性形容词(非限制性形容词）： a delicious Chinese dish一道美味的中餐
修饰语，从字面意思理解就是用来修饰其他成分的。在英语中要区分句子的成分和词汇的词性，不然就会容易搞混淆。举例：1）形容词修饰名词，e.g.：good boy，这里形容词good用来修饰名词boy；2）副词修饰动词，e.g.：study 。
·等级形容词：The city become much cleaner and safer
·表语形容词(元音字母开头的adj多属这种alive，awake，ready，asleep，alike...)：He is afraid of dog
句法功能：可作定语，表语，补足语，状语等。
This is a difficult problem to solve(定语) / English isn’t difficult to learn(表语) / Don't make the test difficult (宾补) / The test was found very difficult(主补) / He did the test，difficultly and tiredly(状语)
形容词的位置：
·置于被修饰词前：I often have a joyful heart
·置于被修饰词后：
1表语形容词作定语：The baby still asleep might be awake very soon
注意：有些词前后位置对调意义大相径庭，比如 what is your present address？你现在的地址是什么？ The people present at the meeting are mostly from China出席会议的人大多数来自中国
2修饰复合不定代词：修饰someone，something，anyone，anything，nothing等复合不定代词时，需要置后。I have something important to tell you
3形容词短语作定语：“形容词+介词+名词”时，放名词后面He gave me a box full of books
4并列连词连接的形容词作定语:2个意义相反的形容词中间用and或or连接作定语时，常放名词后。All the poeple on this island，young or old，are all fond of music
多个形容词修饰同一词时的排序：由和被修饰词的关系密切程度来决定，一般规律（限定词，如冠词，名词所有格，物主代词，指示代词和数词等+）观点+形状+年龄/新旧+颜色+来源+材料/种类。
英语什么词修饰什么词列表，There are a few big round new black French wooden tables in the room/I’ll always remember the last few unforgettable sunny days on the beach
形容词的比较等级：
·没有比较级和最高级的形容词 right，wrong，possible，impossible，east，empty，favorite，round，golden，first
·有比较级和最高级的形容词：
1规则变化的：great-greater-greatest ，nice-nicer-nicest ，big-bigger-biggest ，happy-happier-happiest ，heavy-heavier-heaviest ，difficult-more difficult-most difficult ，interesting-more interesting-most interesting ，exciting-more exciting-most exciting
2不规则变化的：good/well-better-best，bad/ill-worse-worst， little-less-least，much/many-more-most，far-farther-farthest距离，far-further-furthest距离，程度， old-elder-eldest年长
比较等级用法：
·原级比较：
My dress is as beautiful as yours我的裙子和你的一样好 / I am not as/so busy as I
Used to be我没有过去那么忙了 / we have produced as many tractors as we did last year我们生产的拖拉机和去年一样多
·比较级：
1“比较级+than”表一方超过或低于另一方 You look much younger than I do你看上去比我年轻多了
修饰名词 a red hat 副词 修饰形容词或者动词 run rapidly 现在分词 There are roads leading to the beach.过去分词 a excited man 动名词 a swimming pool 动词不定式 I have sth important to discuss with you.定语。
2“比较级+and+比较级”表事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意为“越来越” As spring is coming，the day is becoming longer and longer / Our country is becoming more and more beautiful
3“the+比较级(+of the two...)”表“两者中更...的那一个”.当比较双方只出现一方(没有than及后面的部分)，且句中含有of the two时，比较级前要加the。 The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr.Black
4表两者程度不同也可用more than多于...，not more than不比...多，less than少于，not less than不少于，less+adj+than不如... We haven't got more than one hour left我们现在还有不到一个小时了 / He was less careful than I imagined他比我想象的粗心
5“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表一方的程度随着另一方的程度变化而变化，意为”越...就越...” The more difficult the problem is，the more careful we should be
6“not+比较级+than”意为一方不如另一方...； “no+比较级+than”意为双方一样都不...；修饰说明数量时，前者表“最多，不比...多”，后者表带感情色彩的“仅仅”。
I’m not taller than you我不如你高 / I’m no taller than you我和你一样都不高
She is not more than seven years old她不到7岁 / She is no more than seven years old她才仅仅7岁
·最高级：3者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式
1 “the+形容词+名词+范围的短语或从句” Jack is the tallest student in his class /This is the most boring book I’ve ever read
2“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+范围”China is one of the largest countries in the world
注意用法比较：在一定区域空间内进行比较用in，在同一类事物范围进行比较用of。 China is the largest country in Asia 中国是亚洲最大的国家/ China is the largest one of all the Asian countries中国是亚洲所有国家中最大的
3 比较级表达最高级：“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”/“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”/“比较级+than the rest of + the+可数名词复数”都可表示最高级意义
Diao is taller than any other girl in her class
Diao is taller than the other girls in her class
Diao is taller than the rest of the girls in her class
Diao is the tallest of the girls in her class
·常见的比较级错误：
1，more不可修饰比较级，但much可以加强比较级，意为”...得多”：
He Looks more younger than I do(×) He looks much younger than I do(√）
2，比较的对象或范围出现错误：
The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai(×) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai(√)比较的对象是上海的天气，而不是上海
China is larger than any other country in Asia(√) China is larger than any country in Africa(√) China is larger than any country in Asia(×) 中国本来就是亚洲国家，应当排除在外，所以错误。
注意：than后面接代词时，要用宾格。如果than后面是一个句子，则不可使用宾格=> He works harder than meHe workd harder than I do.
·比较级和最高级的修饰语：
1，比较级的修饰语：much...得多，even更，still更，(by)far...得多，a lot很，a great deal of大大地，twice两倍，five times五倍，two fifths五分之二，a half一半，a little有点，a bit of有点...
·最高级的修饰语：(by)far/far and away最，second第二，almost几乎，nearly几乎
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China / This is (by)far the best book that I’ve ever read.
·比较结构的同义转换
1，not as/so...as和less...than的转换：
The place was not as/so crowded as it usually is yesterday = The place was less crowded than it usually is yesterday昨天，这个地方不像平常那样挤满了人
4、系动词不是形容词，不能用来修饰词，它们就是动词，例如be,get,have,感官动词等。5、介词用来连接地点、时间等或用来构成一个短语。6、冠词用来修饰名词，但the也可用来作特指。7、动词不能用来修饰其他词，它们只能被。
2，more...than和less...than，not as/so...as的转换
Your picture is more beautiful than his. = His picture is less beautiful than yours =His picture isn’t as/so beautiful as yours你的画比他的好看
修饰语(modifier)1、修饰语是修饰句中其他成分的字、片语或子句。2、名词、形容词、形容词子句、分词等都可以作名词或代名词的修饰语。英语修饰关系：1、形容词、现在分词、过去分词都可以修饰名词。2、有的名词也可以修饰。
3，最高级和more...than，no...more than的转换
英语中的修饰词回答如下：【一】修饰名词的词：（1）名词修饰名词：This is a stone table （2）形容词修饰名词：There is a beautiful garden behind our house （3） 副词修饰名词：The girls there are both beautiful。
Maths is the most difficult subject of all = Maths is more difficult than any other subject = No subject is more difficult than Maths数学是所有学科中最难的
·形容词的常用句型：
1，It+be+形容词+of+sb+不定式。表“某人做某事...”形容说明“人”的性质或特征，常用的有good，kind，nice，polite，clever，foolish，lazy，careful，careless，right，wrong等
It’s very nice of you to help me / It’s foolish of him to make such mistakes
2，It+be+形容词+for+sb+不定式。表“做某事对某人来说...”形容说明“不定式”的性质或特征，常用的有difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等
it&39;s dangerous for you to swim alone
3，主语+be+形容词+不定式。表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sorry，sad，thankful等，表能力和意志的形容词如ready，able，sure，certain等
·形容词与介词的搭配
与about搭配：Be anxious about，be sorry about，be careful about，be sure about，be certain about，be worried about
与at搭配：be expert at，be surprised at， be angry at，be good at， be clever at， be skillful at
与for搭配：be famous for，be well-known for，be ready for，get ready for，be sorry for，be fit/unfit for，be good for，be bad for...
与in搭配： be interested in，be weak in，be concerned in，be rich in，be experienced in，be absorbed in...
与of搭配：be afraid of，be certain of，be fond of，be proud of，be tired of，be full of，be sure of，be short of，be ashamed of，be conscious of...
与to搭配：be good to，be kind to，be nice to，be rude to，be polite to，be bad to，be useful to，be similar to...
注意：有些形容词跟不同的介词意义差别不大，有些则不同。
Be expert at/in/on在...擅长， be certain of/about对...有把握=be sure of/about对...有把握， be good to对...友好，be good at在...方面擅长，be good for对...有好处
·常见形容词用法比较：
1，Elder和older：
Diao is the fourth of five children，having two elder brothers and a younger sister这里elder只能作定语，不能用于than引导的比较状语从句中
Diao is seven years older than her younger sister这里older可指人也可指物，作定语/表语，能用在than引导的比较状语从句中。
2，Good和well：
都表示“好”，good常作定语/表语，well一般作表语且只表示“身体好”，另外well可作副词表“好”
Doing sports is good for us（表语）
I’m very well，thank you.（形容词，身体好）
Diao dances well and she is good dancer（well是副词作状语修饰dance，good作定语)
3，Huge，big，large和great：
The spaceship is huge(强调尺寸，体积“庞大”-比large/great还要大，容量/数量“巨大”不强调重量）
We had a big fight in the school last week(最通俗常用，强调比正常程度/范围/规模要大，常修饰人/物/数量，反义词是little/small)
The large object had a close relationship with the death of dinosaurs.(强调远超标准的“大”，可指数量/容量/体积/面积，比big正式，反义是small)
This is a great chance that many people do not have(指抽象的事物，表数量/距离/程度，修饰人指“伟大的”)
2，interested和interesting
She is interested in sports作形容词，意为“感兴趣的”，常构成西表结构be interested，主语通常是人，说明外界/某人/某事令人产生这种感觉
She is interesting 作形容词，意为“令人感兴趣的”，句中作定语/表语，说明人/事物具备让他人产生某种感受的特性。
注意：英语中大多数-ing形式和-ed形式的形容词用法都和interested/interesting类似。
