2002英语一真题答案完整解析,2002年英语一阅读理解解析

2008年2008-(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinkl

2008年

2008-(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

他相信,正是这种困难或许能够扬长避短,迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句话,从而,使他发现自己在推理和观察中的错误。

他认为,或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难,使他不得不对自己要说的每一句话都进行长时间的认真思考,从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误,结果这反而成为了他的优点。

2008- (47) He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

他还坚持认为,自己进行长时间完全抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此(所以)他认定自己不会在数学方面获得成功(根本不可能有大的作为)。

2008- (48) On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.

另一方面,一些批评家指责他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法缺乏依据。

2008- (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”

他谦卑地补充道,或许,在注意到容易忽视的事物并对其加以仔细观察方面,他要比普通人更有优势。

他谦卑地补充道,或许与常人相比,他更能注意到容易忽略的事物,更能对其加以仔细观察。

2008- (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文确信,失去这些爱好,不仅失去了快乐,还可能会伤害智力,甚至可能会损伤道德品质。

达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能有损于一个人的思维能力,甚至可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。

2009年

2009-(46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

我们可以说,衡量任何社会机构价值的标准,是看它在丰富和完善人生经验过程中的影响,但是这种影响并不是它原来就想要达到的。

我们可以说,衡量任何社会机构价值的标准,在于它在丰富和完善经验过程中的影响,但是这种影响并不是其初始动机的一部分。

2009- (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 机构附带产生的影响只有逐渐地才能被注意到;而这种影响被视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更加缓慢。

人们只有逐渐地才能注意到机构附带产生的影响;而人们把这种影响视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更加缓慢。

2009- (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

虽然在与年轻人交往的时候,我们很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格产生的影响;但是在与成年人打交道的时候,这种情况则不那么容易发生。

2009- (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

既然我们的主要任务是使他们在日常生活中懂得分享,我们禁不住要考虑的是,我们是否正在形成一种确保他们获得这种能力的力量。

2009- (50) We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.

2010年

2010-(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

科学家们迅速赶来挽救这种局面,他们使用的证据明显站不住脚,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制这些昆虫,昆虫就会把一切都吃光。

科学家们急忙介入,但是提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是:如果鸟不能控制这些昆虫的数量,昆虫就会吞噬我们人类。

2010- (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 但是,我们至少是更接近了问题的要点:不管鸟类是否对我们具有经济价值,它们都应该继续享有其作为一个生物物种固有的权利。

但是,我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否给我们带来经济价值,它们自有其生存下去的权利。

2010- (48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless” species.

有一种证据认为,这些生物通过猎杀弱者来保持猎物的健康状态,或者说,这些生物捕杀的只不过是“没有价值的物种”;曾几何时,生物学家有点滥用这种证据。

有证据表明,这些生物杀死体弱者来保持物种的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值的物种”;曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少地滥用了这一证据。

2010-(49) In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.

2010- (50) It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

这种保护体系往往会忽视,并因此最终会消除陆生群落中的很多缺乏商业价值但是对其健康机制至关重要的物种。

这种保护体系往往会忽视诸多陆生群落中的很多缺乏商业价值但是对其健康机制至关重要的物种,因而最终导致它们的灭绝。

2011年

2011-(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.

艾伦的贡献在于,他研究了我们公认的假设,并揭示了其错误的本质。这个假设就是:因为我们都不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的思想。

大纲译文:艾伦的贡献在于,他拿出“我们并非机器人,因此能掌控自己的思想”这一公认的假设,并揭示了其谬误所在。

2011- (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

虽然我们或许仅仅通过有意识的思维活动就可以维持这种能控制自己思想的幻觉,但事实上我们却不断碰到一个问题:“为什么我不能让自己去做这件事情,实现那个目标呢?”

虽然我们或许仅仅通过有意识的思维活动就可以维持这种控制的幻觉,但事实上我们却还是不断要面对一个问题:“为什么我不能让自己去做这个或实现那个?”

2011- (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need,and a rationalization of exploitation,of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

大纲译文:这似乎是在为忽视贫困者的行为作辩护,为剥削、为社会上层人群的优越及社会底层人群的卑微找理由。

这种说法似乎为忽视那些需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理化,令上层人优越,底层人卑微。

2011- (49) circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us,and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.

环境似乎旨在激发我们最大的潜能,如果我们总感觉“上天不公”,那么就不太可能会自觉地努力摆脱现状。

大纲译文:环境似乎为激发我们最大的潜能而设,如果我们觉得自己遭受了“不公”,那么就不太可能会有意识地努力摆脱自己的处境。

2011- (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations,now we become authorities of what is possible.

积极的一面是,既然万事都取决于我们,那么就有无限的可能。以前,我们能够熟练地应对种种局限;现在,我们把握着所有的可能性。

大纲译文:其正面意义在于,了解了一切都取决于我们自己,即有了诸多可能;此前我们时熟谙各种局限的专家,现在我们成了驾驭各种可能性的权威。

2012年

2012-(46) In physics,one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme,and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.

在物理学上,有一种方法将这种追求一致的冲动发挥到了极致,它试图找出一种万有理论——用一个生成等式概括我们的整个世界。

大纲译文:在物理学领域,一种做法把这种寻求大同理论的冲动推向极端,试图寻找包含一切的理论——一个涵括我们所看到的一切的生成性公式。

2012-(47) Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification,for if all humans share common origins,it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

在此,达尔文主义似乎给出了一种合理的说法,因为如果全人类的起源相同,那么似乎有理由认为文化多样性也可以追溯到更有限的开端。

在此,达尔文主义似乎给出了一种合理的说法,因为如果全人类的起源相同,那么人们也可以根据一个更有限的开端来寻找文化多样性的根源,这似乎也是合理的。

这里,达尔文学说似乎做出了证明,因为如果人类有着共同的起源,那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为有限的起源。

2012-(48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

2002英语一真题答案完整解析

如果将个别因素从共性中剔除,我们或许能够理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的,以及是何种因素在进化或是认知方面引导了这种行为。

大纲译文:从共有特征中滤出独有特征,这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的,并从进化或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。

2012-(49) The second,by Joshua Greenberg,takes a more empirical approach to universality,identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages,which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

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做出又一贡献的是乔舒亚·格林伯格,他运用了更为鲜明的经验主义方法来研究这种普遍性,鉴别出多种语言的共同特征(特别是在词序上的特征),而人们认为这些特征代表了由认知制约所产生的偏见。

第二次努力——由乔舒亚·格林堡做出——采用更为经验主义的方法来研究语言的普遍性,确定了多种语言(尤其在语法词序方面)的共有特征,这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制产生的倾向。

2012-(50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it,whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.

乔姆斯基的语法应该显示出语言变化的模式,这些模式并不受语言谱系或贯穿谱系路径的影响;而格林堡式的普遍性则预言了特定的语法词序关系类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。

2013年

2013-(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,it strikes one that,for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges,beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

然而,当我们看到这样的照片时,看到那些无家可归者所创建的花园的照片之时,感到了深深的震撼:尽管它们风格多样,但这些花园道出了人类还有很多其他的根本需求,而非停留在装饰美化或是创造性表达上。

2021考研英语一历年真题详解2005--2020谭剑波刘玉楼 链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1WRMNQOh9DXO5EuDLp7Psmw 提取码:u19u 复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机APP,操作更方便哦!若资源有问题欢迎追问 。

大纲译文:然而,只要看看无家可归者创造的花园的照片时,你就会意识到尽管样式各异,但这些花园除了表达(人类)装饰和创造的欲望之外,更体现了人类其他根本的强烈愿望。

2013- (47) A sacred place of peace,however crude it may be,is a distinctly human need,as opposed to shelter,which is a distinctly animal need.

不管它有多么粗陋,一个和平的圣地明显是人类的需求,与动物需要的收容所(庇护所)截然不同。

人类所需要的明显是一个和平的圣地,不管它有多么粗陋,与动物需要的收容所截然不同。

大纲译文:安宁的圣地(体现的)是人类特有的需要,无论怎样疏于雕琢,它仍与遮风挡雨之所不同,后者(反映的)是动物特有的需要。

2013-(48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.

无家可归的花园实际上是无人问津的花园,它们是被引入城市环境中的一种建筑类型。在城市环境下,这种建筑风格要么本来就不存在,要么人们注意不到它的存在。

大纲译文:这种无家可归者的花园实质上是无定所的花园,它们把“形式”引入城市环境,而城市环境中原本要么没有这种“形式”,要么并没把它当成“形式”看待。

2013- (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.

多数人会陷入精神萎靡的状态,我们通常把这种萎靡归咎于心理状态,直到有一天,我们发现自己身处花园,竟奇迹般地感到压力全无。

大纲译文:我们大多数人通常把陷入精神颓废归咎于某些心理疾病,直到有一天置身花园,才顿觉压抑感神奇地消失了。

2013- (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden,though in a “liberated” sense,to describe these synthetic constructions.

正是这种与大自然之间或明或暗的关联使花园这个词——虽然值得是“广义上的花园”——恰如其分地形容了这些人造建筑。

2002年考研英语作文真题解说 Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled "CulturesNational and International". In the essay you should 1) describe the picture and interpret 。

虽然有“扩大词义外延”的意味,但正是这种对大自然或隐晦或明晰的参照让用“花园”一词来描述这些人造组合有了充分的根据。

2014年

这也是为什么我们在试图用语言来描述音乐时,只能说清楚对音乐的感受,而不能理解音乐本身。

2014- (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person,and a courageous one,and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding,let alone the performance,of his works.

人们普遍认为他是个思想自由的人,是个勇敢无畏的人。我发现勇敢这一特征是理解他作品的关键,更不必说是演奏其作品的关键。

2014- (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

贝多芬习惯用极其强烈的情绪来提高乐曲的音量,然后又突然跟上一个轻柔的乐段,在他之前,只有极个别的作曲家会使用这种表现方式。

2002英语一真题答案完整解析

2014- (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom,which,for him,was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

尤为重要的是他对自由的观点,对他来说(而言),自由是与个人的权利和责任紧密联系:他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。

2014- (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

我们可以这样来解读贝多芬的大多数作品:痛苦是难以避免的,但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。

2002英语一真题答案完整解析

2015年

2015-(46) This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nation out of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. (28)

这项运动,由多种强大的动机驱动,建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家,并且从本质上来讲,塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。

新东方译文:在多种强大的动机驱动下,这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家,其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是:句内语义 + 形容词词义辨析。14. [A] ability [B] capability[C] capacity [D] faculty[答案] C[解析]本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析。从结构上看,空格所在句子是with引导的分词独立结构。

大纲译文:在各种强大动机的推动下,这场迁移从荒野中造就了一个民族,并循其本质塑造了一片全新大陆的特点,决定了它的命运。

2015-(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. (34)

美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民,和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。

新东方译文:47)美国是两种主要力量的产物——即思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民和修改这些特征的新国家的影响的产物。

大纲译文:合众国是两股主要力量作用的产物,一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特点的欧洲各民族的迁入,二是一个新国家因改变了这些特征而产生的影响。

2015-(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes. (35)

但是,美国独特的地理条件具备的力量,国家性集团之间的相互影响关系,和在一块原始、新型大陆上维持旧世界的方法具有的独特的困难,这些都引起了重大的变化。

新东方译文:48)但由于美国特有的地理条件,不同民族的相互作用,以及维护原始老式方式的纯粹困难,新大陆引起了重大变化。

大纲译文:但美洲特有地理条件的作用,不用族群间的相互影响,加上在一片蛮荒新大陆上维持旧大陆上维持旧大陆方式的巨大困难,所有这一切引起了意义深远的变化。

2015-(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United Sates crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. (30)

在15和16世纪北美探索的一百多年后,开往该领土的——即当今的美国——第一船移民,跨越了大西洋。

新东方译文:49)在15—16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后,运往该领土—即当今的美国—的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

大纲译文:在十五、十六世纪的北美大陆探险过去的一百多年后,首批满载移民驶向今天合众国这片疆土的船只横穿过了大西洋。

2015-(50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. (24)

拥有丰富和多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库,它从缅因州一路延伸到乔治亚州。

新东方译文:50)拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库,它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

大纲译文:郁郁葱葱、树种繁多的原始森林是一座从缅因一直向南绵延到佐治亚的天然宝库。

2016年

2016-(46)We don’t have to learn how to be healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.(32)

大纲译文:我们的心理健康不是学来的;它是我们生来就有的,正如同我们的身体知道如何治愈伤口或修复断骨一样。

2016-(47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.(31)

心理健康并没有真的离开;宛如云朵后面的太阳,它虽然可能暂离我们的视线,但完全能在转瞬之间重现。

2016-(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.(30)

健康的心理让我们在他人遇到困难时心怀同情,遭受苦痛时心怀善意,不论他们是谁(我们)都会心怀无条件的爱。

2016- (49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.(31)

尽管心理健康是我们生活的万能良药,但它又再寻常不过,因为你会发现,它一直在那里引领你完成所有艰难的抉择。

2016- (50) As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.(30)

你终会明白,懂得心理健康无时不在并懂得信赖它,这能让我们慢下来活在每一刻,快乐地生活着。

2017年

(46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

但是,正当使用英语的人数进一步增加时,却也出现了这样一些迹象:英语这种语言的全球主导地位在可预见的将来可能会逐渐减弱。

(47) His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional languages capabilities.

因此,他的分析应该结束了一些人的自以为是,这些人可能认为英语的全球地位相当稳固,因此英国的年轻人无需拥有额外的语言能力。

(48) many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

(48)许多国家正在将英语引入小学课程当中,但是英国的大中小学生似乎并未受到更大鼓励去学习流利运用其他语言。

(49) The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK’s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.

(49)大卫·格拉多尔指出的这些变化给教授外国人英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了明确的巨大挑战。

(50) It gives a basis to all organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.

(50)这种预期给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据,这一依据让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。

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