新概念英语第一册语法总结—八种时态
一．时态：
一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时。
一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时
1. 一般现在时
表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。
（1）含有be动词的句子
He is a teacher.
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
I am tall.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首，如果有第一人称变为第二人称。
Is he a teacher?
Is the girl very beautiful?
Are Tim and Jack students?
Are you tall?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
He is not a teacher.
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not students.
I am not tall .
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes，he is. No，he is not.
Yes，she is. No，she is not.
Yes，they are. No，they are not.
Yes，I am. No，I am not.
(2)不含有动词的句子，即含有实义动词的句子
常用时间：always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，on Sundays，等
肯定句：主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单三形式s/es+其它
He likes books.
She plays with her friends .
My father drives to work.
★变疑问句在句首加does，动词变为原形
Does he like books?
Does she play with her friends?
Does your father drive to work?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t，动词变为原形
He doesn’t like books.
She doesn’t play with her friends .
My father doesn’t drive to work.
★肯定回答及否定回答：
Yes，he does. No，he doesn’t.
Yes，she does. No，she doesn’t
Yes，he does. No，he doesn’t.
注意：第三人称单数形式变化规则：
1.一般在动词后面加“s&34;. do--does go--goes 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，把y变i，再加&34;. empty--empties.4.特殊的动词单三形式：have --has.
主语不是第三人称单数时+动词原形+其它。 I want to buy a new book
We have some meat.
The students come from China.
★变疑问句在句首加do，第一人称变为第二人称。
Do you want to buy a new book?
Do you have any meat?
Do the students come from China?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.
I don’t want to buy a new book.
We don’t have any meat.
The students don’t come from China.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes，I do. No，I don’t.
Yes，we do. No，we don’t
Yes，they do. No，they don’t.
就划线部分提问 （特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 1. They want to do their homework.
What do they want to do?2. He has two books.
What does he have?
2. 现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作。标志性单词：now，look，listen等等。
构成：主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词＋其它成分
We are having lunch now.
He is reading a book.
The boys are playing football.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首，第一人称变为第二人称。
Are you having lunch now?
Is he reading a book?
Are the boys playing football?
★变否定句在be动词后面加 not
We are not having lunch now.
He is not reading a book.
The boys are not playing football.
现在分词的构成：1.一般动词，直接加–ing，如: look -looking，read-reading.2.如果动词末尾有e ，则去e 加–ing .如：make-making，write-writing. 3. 重读闭音节(辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母）的，应双写末尾的字母，再加 –ing. 如:sit-sitting，swim-swimming，run-running，put-putting.
★对划线部分提问：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
当提问做什么-（疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词）
1. We are having lunch now.
What are you doing now ?
2. He is reading a book
以疑问词what所引导的特殊疑问句 (可参见 第5-6课_Nice to meet you中的有关说明。)What…?这一问句可以用来询问国籍、工作等等：What nationality are you?你是哪国人?What's your job?你是干什么的?对于以上。
What is he doing?
3. The boys are playing football.
What are the boys doing?
注意：表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1. 表示感觉，感官的词
see，hear，like，love，want。
2. have，has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时。
3. 一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last night，the day before yesterday，新概念第一册第8课课文，3 days ago…，
(1)含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am，is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were
I was at home yesterday.
You were a student a year ago.
She was sad last night.
如果就这句话，意思是，如今，一条贯穿大山的隧道造好了。now和that不是词组，that引导后面的内容，起到一个关系词的作用。
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首，第一人称变为第二人称。
Were you at home yesterday?
Were you a student a year ago?
Was she sad last night?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
I was not at home yesterday.
You were not a student a year ago.
She was not sad last night.
★肯定回答/否定回答
Yes，I was. No，I was not.
Yes，you were. No，you were not.
Yes，she was. No，she was not.
★特殊疑问句：
What did you do?
不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式（did）.
I did my homework yesterday.
He went to school last Monday.
★变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原形
Did you did your homework yesterday?
Did he go to school last Monday?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didn’t，动词变为原形
I didn’t do my homework yesterday.
He didn’t go to school last Monday.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes，I did. No，I didn’t.
Yes，he did. No，he didn’t.
Yes，they did. No，they did not.
★对划线部分提问：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
I did my homework yesterday.
What did he do yesterday?
He went to school last Monday.
When did he go to school?
4. 现在完成时
构成：主语+助动词have，has+过去分词
用法：
I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)
He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）
They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）
The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）
2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4) 表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
ROBERT: I am a new student.My name's Robert.罗伯特：我是个新学生，我的名字叫罗伯特。SOPHIE: Nice to meet you.My name's Sophie.索菲娅：很高兴见到你。我的名字叫索菲娅。ROBERT: Are you French?罗伯特：你是。
Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已经回来)
He has gone to London.（人还在那里）
5) 表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型变化：
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.
e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
1.My name ___ Robert. I ___ a student. I ___ Italian.2.Sophie ___ not Italian. She ___ French.3.Mr. Black ___ my teacher. He ___ not French.Lesson9 New words and expressions hello ,fine。
Yes，I have. No，I have not.
★特殊疑问句：
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时
注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用
错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
5. 一般将来时
结构： 主语+助动词will+动词原形
I will go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Will you go to America tomorrow?
Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?
Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
I will not go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes，I will. No，I will not.
Yes，he/she will. No，he/she will not.
Yes，he will. No，he will not.
★特殊疑问句：
What will you do?
6. 过去完成时：
用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构：had+过去分词
They had sold the car before I asked the price.
After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。
★ 变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Had she finished her homework?
★ 变否定句在助动词后面加not
She hadn’t finished her homework.
★ 肯定回答及否定回答
1. 新概念英语第一册的141课到144课所有内容 只能给你这么多,141课全文,竭尽所能……我建议你分开问吧,好难一下子给你这么多 Lesson 141 Sally's first train ride 萨莉第一次乘火车旅行 Last week,my four-year-old daughter。
Yes，she had. No，she hadn’t.
★ 特殊疑问句：
What had she done?
7. 过去进行时
表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在when，while，as引导的状语从句中。
结构：was/were+doing
When my husband was going into the dining room this morning，he dropped some coins on the floor.
While we were having dinner，my father was watching TV.
8． 过去将来时
结构：would do
She said she would go here the next morning.
